Method and apparatus for burning fuels



May 11 1926.

6:5. HAZARD METHOD AND APPARATUS ,FOR BURNING FUELS Filed April 16,-1924 I z-s'neets-shea c 1 Patented May 11, 1926.

UNETED STATES an saiasz N T '5 Fl C E GEORGE EDGAR HAZARD, OF ROCHESTER,NEW YORK, ASSIGITOR T KELLOGG MANU- FAGTURING 00., OF ROCHESTER, NEWYQIRIK.

METHOD AND APPARATU$ FOR BURNING- FUELS.

Application filed April 16, 1924. Serial 1%. 706,913.

My invention relates to improvements in method and apparatus for burningfuels, and the invention pertains to means for mu;- ing and atomizingthe oil or fuel and forcing it through the burner pipe where it islighted.

The primary object of my present invention is to produce an apparatusfor carrying out my method in a simple and effective manner forproducing a burner for any kind of fuel, for boilers for steam, hotwater or hot air plants of all kinds. By actual trial I have found themethod and apparatus exceedingly efficient for that purpost and'it iscapable of being used for hot air, steam, or hot water plants of allkinds with economy and efiicieney of operation,

Another object of my present unprovement comprises a chamber into whichthe oil or any kind of fuel is fed, said chamber provided with means forbreaking up the oil into a fog, or for mixing the gas with air and thenforcing the fog or gas through a small outlet controlled by a valve to apipe at the outer end of which the fuel is lighted.

A further object of my invention is the provision of a chambercontaining oil or gas and means within the chamber for atomizing the oilinto a fog or mixing gas with air which is drawn into a compressionchamber from which the fuel is forced un der pressure forming a veryfine atomization ofoil or mixture of gas and air which is fed to a pipeor special jet, the outer end of the pipe forming a burner.

A further object ofmy invention is to provide an apparatus comprising achamher in which a crank-arm and connecting lever are dipped into theoil causing an at omization of the oil into fog, the connecting rodoperating a valved piston whereby the atomized oil is compressed in thecylinder above the piston through an outlet opening controlled by avalve, whereby the atomized oil is substantially formed into a vaporwhich is fed into a pipe and burns at the outer end of the pipe.

A further object of my present invention is the production of a pumphaving acrank chamber in (which the level of the oil is maintained, acylinder above the crank case carrying a valved piston, the outer end ofthe cylinder having a valve whereby the mechanism serves to form avacuum in the said chamber for drawing in oiland air,

the said cylinder acting as a compression chamber for forcing the oilthrough the cyl-- inder valve and vaporizing it where it enters a pipeand burns at the outlet end of the said pipe.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1. is a side elevation of an apparatus adapted to carry out mymethod.

F 1g. 2 is a sectional view of the comb ned vacuum and compressionchamber and its operating parts.

Fig. 3 is a detached perspective view'of the plug and valve controllingthe outlet in the outer end of the compression cylinder,

Figure 1- is an enlarged sectional view of the valve carried by thepiston.

Referring now to the drawings, the wall 1 of the combined oll atomizingand vacuum chamber, rests upon a suitable base 2, which in turn restsupon an elongated support 3 A revolving crank shaft 4 has a bearing 3projecting from one side of the wall 1, the inner end of the crank shafthaving a su table crank arm 6, having a laterally projecting pin 7 towhich the lowerend 8 of a connecting rod 9 is journaled. Extendingupward from the wall 1 is a cylinder 10,

the said cylinder having one end 11 of a pipe 12 connected therewith.This end 1.1 of the pipe 12 may be connected in any suitable manner withthe end of the cylinder 10. but as here shown, it is by means ofsuitable screw-threads 13. This cylinder has at its outer end an opening14, which is controlled by a flat valve 15, the said valve havingmarginal recesses 16. An externally screw-threaded plug 17 is providedwith a depending valve seat 18, which controls the amount of movement ofthe valve 15. The said valve 18 has one or more openings 20, so thatwhen the valve moves up the compressed material in the cylinder 10passes through the peripheral passages 16 and the openings 20 into thepart 11 of the pipe 12.

Located within the cylinder 10 is a hollow piston 21, to which the upperend 22 ofthe,

connecting rod 9 is journaled by a suitable pin 23. The upper end ofthis piston 21 has a flat valve 22, which is constructed like the valve15 and acts in substantially the same way. a seat a and a washer b aboveit, the washer acting substantially the same as the valve 15. This valve22 is adapted to close the opening The valve .22 is located between a inthe end of the piston when the piston rises to compress the mixture inthe cylinder, and when the piston descends the said valve is limited inits upward movement by a ring I). The valve 22' is constructedsubstantially the same as he valve and operates in the manner that thevalve does.

A combined air and oil pipe 23 is con nected with the chamber 1,preferably at a point Substantially below the bearing 5, for theshaft 1. The outer end oi" this combined air and oil pipe is providedwith a means for admitting air. The construction here shown is anordinary valve cock 2i, which passes through a housing 25 and has at itslower end a suitable spring 26. This valve 2% has a transverse opening27, which is adapted to register with an air inlet opening 2?. Byturning the handle 28 of this air valve the amount of air ted to theapparatus is regulated,

An oil inlet pipe 29 has its upper end open and communicating with theinside ot the pipe 23, while its lower end will be connected with an oilsupply reservoir, not shown.

A suitable burner head l l is connected with the outer end oi" the oilor gas pipe 12 and projects from the outer end of the pipe 12 and apilot 31 islooated beyond the burner head 30 for lighting the escapingvaporizeifl oil. This pipe 12 has its inner end connected into anopening 20. in the construction here shown, this pilot 31 extendsthrough the pipe 12 and carries at its outer end a valve 32 by means ofwhich it is controlled, a suitable gas pipe 35 being connected with thesaid valve 32.

At the outer end of the Shaft -l is a belt wheel 31-, and located on thesupport 3 is an electric motor 35. A belt passes around the said wheel3%, and a small beltwheel 3? on the said motor. A suitable electricswitch 38 and an electric connection 39 supplies the electric currnt foroperating the motor 35.

The operation of the apparatus is as tollows:

The chamber 1 has its lower portion pro vided with an oil reservoir 40,which is pret erably lnilllltflllhl at about the pointshown. Theelectric motor serves to rotate the shaft t quite rapidly and as theshaft rotates, the lower end oi the connecting rod 9 and the crank armdip into the oil, which breaks it up into a heavy tog 41. As the pistonmoves up, its alve 22 is closed, which causes a vacuum in the closedchamber, and this vacuum serves to Suck air through the air-inlet 2?,and the vacuum also serves to draw up the oil through the pipe 29 anddeposit it inthe chamber 1. It will thus be seen that the chamber 1 is acombined vacuum and atomized oil chamber. As the piston moves down, thecombined oil and atolflize'd oil flows through the piston opening valve22 into the chamber 4-3 of the said cylinder. As the piston moves down,the valve 15 closes that the cylinder becomes a vacuum cylinder, and itserves as a compression chamher for the atomized liquid as it moves up.From the it'orcgoing it will be observed that as the piston moves downin the cylinder 42, a vacuum is formed in the chamber 41, which servesto draw the oil and air therein, and as the piston moves up, thechan'iber 4-1 becomes a vacuum for drawing the oil and air into the saidchan'iber. l hile the piston is moving up the fuel is under compressionabove it, and it is forced by the open valve 15, serving to stillfurther atomize the liquid into a vapor, and it is thus fed to the pipe12, and as it flows from the outer end of the pipe it is lighted by thepilot The oil. level in the chamber 1 is controlled by the fact thatwhen the oil rises to a sull'icieut. height to close the end of the pipe26, it will be substantially cut oil the supply of oil. It will beunderstood that the outlet oil the oil pipe 21 is of such a size as tosupply the necessary quantity of oil to be burned at the outer end ofthe pipe 12, but in the event that the speed of the ap paratus should bechanged to cause an increased amount of oil to be fed into the chamber,it would be cut otl when it reaches a suliicient high level to close theoil outlet of the pipe 29.

I find that the method descrioed is a cheap and reflective manner ofproducing a burner, and by actual tests, I [ind that the flame producedis so large and so hot as to be su ient for an ordina y heatingapparatus for certain oliice buildings. A plurality ot' burners, ofcourse, is controlled by the capacity of the ap iaratus, which would bechanged to meet the requirements.

The tube 12 has its outer end closed by a plate 4-3, from which extendsa burner 14. The fuel is in the tube 12, under pressure, and is forcedto the burner -14, being still further vaporized where it is lighted bythe. pilot 31.

I desire it to be understood that ordinarily the pipe 12 will be closedin an ordinary heating chamber, not shown, of an appara tus wherebythesaid tube 12 will be kept hot in addition to being heated by conductionfrom the burner 1 1.

The oil and air pipe 23 may extend either parallel to the pipe 12, asshown in Fig. 1, or at right angles tothe pipe 12, as shown in 2. Idesire it also to be understood that the said pipe 12 may extend in anydesired direction from the cylinder 10.

'Natu'ral and manufactured gas can have air mixed with it, by myapparat-usfaud forced thereby to the burner 44, p

The" method and apparatus herein described is especially intended forthe atomization and vaporization of the heavier character of oils, withwhich I find it is ad mirably adapted to perform its functionsefficiently.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is 1-- 1. The method of atomizing and converting oil intovapor and burning the same, which consists in maintaining a body of oil,beating said body of oil to at-omize it and mixing air therewith in thepresence of said body of oil, feeding the mixed air and atomized oil toa compression chamber where the same is converted into a vapor by beingcompressed, and then finally feed ing the mixture to a burner andburning the same.

2. The method of atomizing and vaporizing oil, which consists inmaintaining a body of oil at one side of a piston, beating said body ofoil to atomize it in the presence of the maintained bod; of oil, feedingair to the atomized oil in the presence of said body of oil, feeding themixed atomized oil and air to a compression chamher at the opposite sideof said piston where it is compressed, vaporized and fed to a burner forburning the same. I

3. The method of atomizing and vaporizing oil to be burned, whichconsists in maintaining a body of oil and simultaneously atomizing theoil and mixing air with the atomized oil in the presence of the body ofoil, then converting the atomized oil to vapor by subjecting it toalternate compression and partial vacuum, and feeding said mixture to aburner and burning the same.

a. The method of atomizing and vaporizing oil to be burned, whichconsists in maintaining a body of oil, simultaneously atomizing said oiland mixing air with said atomized oil in the presence of the body ofoil, then removing the atomized oil and air to another chamber where itis subjected to alternate compression and partial vacuum to convert thesame into a mixed air and vapor, and feeding saidmixture to a burnerwhere it is burned.

5, An apparatus for burning oil, comprising a closed chamber having anoil inlet opening and adapted to contain a body of oil therein, a crankshaft in the said chamber beating the surface of the oil intoatomization, a cylinder extending from the said chamber, a piston in thesaid cylinder, a connecting rod connecting the crank to the piston, thepiston having a valve, the end of the cylinder having a valved exitopening, and a pipe having its inner end connected with the cylinder andclosing the said exit opening, the pipe carrying a burner, and means forrotating the crank shaft.

6. An apparatus for converting oil into a gaseous form to be burned,comprising a crank case having an air and oil inlet and the crank casecontaining a body of oil, a crank arm adapted to dip into the oil, acylinder having its lower end open and com municating with the crankchamber, a valved piston in the said cylinder operatively connected withthe crank by a pitman, the opposite end of the cylinder having a valvedopening and a burner in communication with the valved opening, Where bythe maintained body of oil is atomized by the crank arm in the presenceof air and fed into the cylinder above and from the cylinder undercompression tothe burner where it is lighted.

7 An apparatus for converting oil into a gaseous form to be burned,comprising a closed crank chamber, a crank shaft in the said crankchamber, a cylinder with its open lower end in communication with thecrank chamber, a valved piston in the cylinder, a pitman connecting thepiston and the crank shaft, said crank chamber having an oil and airinlet, means for maintaining a body of oil at a substantially fixedpoint to cause the pitman to dip in the oil, the opposite end of thecylinder having a valved exit opening, and a burner tube communicatingwith the said exit opening, whereby the oil is reduced substantially toa vapor in the crank chamber and mixes with the air which is fed to thecylinder compressed and fed under compression to the said burner whereit is lighted.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature.

GEORGE EDGAR HAZARD.

